Psychological Care of a Patient | Neonatal Case Study

Psychological Care of a Patient | Neonatal Case Study Kathleen Gaule Nicolls indicates that the psychological skills should be routine provision. Discuss this statement using a case study from clinical practice. Discuss the relevance of psychology and how it is applied and integrated into a case study. Identify the medical and nursing problems and the related pathophysiology to set the context of the case study. (1000 words.) Portfolio 2 Psychological care refers to an approach of looking after the ill, (in this case also the parents) and should be integrated with nursing to provide an organised and practical psychological content to overall care. Krigger et al (2007). They also state it represents a big step towards meeting the requirements of truly holistic care. As mentioned it requires an organised approach with various skills and objectives and to deal with psychological issues arising from the event of illness. Firstly for psychological care there has to be an awareness. Secondly intervention and thirdly refer on if necessary for therapy. Nicolls states that it should be common provision’ in hospitals. He also states that common psychological reactions to illnesses include shock and even post-traumatic stress, confusion, distress and loss of self-worth, lowered self-control and even a collapse into dependency. Kevin (not his real name for the purposes of confidentiality) was a term +10 day baby. Spontaneous vaginal delivery. His birth weight was 3.2kgs. Apgar score was 9 at one minute of age and 10 at ten minutes of age. He cried at delivery, no resuscitation required just dried and suctioned. He was pink and given to mother for skin to skin. He was her first baby. At fifteen minutes of age baby was on the breast and sucking. All was well. At 30 minutes of age, mother’s partner noticed that the baby while still on the breast was not sucking and not breathing. He immediately called for help. The neonatal team came immediately. Cardiac massage was given, the baby was intubated and ventilated, and adrenaline 1:10,000 was given by three individual doses via the endotracheal tube. He was transferred to the neonatal unit. A team decision was made to start the baby on cooling as per cooling guidelines. Umbilical arterial and venous lines were inserted and he was commenced on morphine. Panc uronium (muscle relaxant) was withheld initially so the team could observe if there any abnormal movements. Continuous monitoring functioning was commenced. His mother Mary (not her real name) came down to the unit accompanied by her partner shaken and shocked at the fact that her baby had been taken away from her so suddenly. She went from euphoria the birth of her first baby a beautiful baby boy to a lifeless baby cold to touch in a cooling supported by a life support machine with bags of intravenous fluids, syringes and pumps. This for her was so surreal. After initially explaining to Mary how we were actually nursing Kevin being continually aware that it was pretty much going over her head but as Drewery in his article states ‘repetition is the prime influence in memory’ None of the team at this point could actually tell her what had happened because we did not know. We as a team were also shocked as to what happened. We tried to internalise the situation. The baby was pink, was at the breast and sucking. What happened? Each time Mary came to the neonatal unit she would spend long periods of time there sometimes on her own sometimes with her partner or family members. She appeared vague as if everything was going over her head and it was to a certain degree. Emotional and psychological care was paramount for her at this stage. By day four it was clear that Kevin would not survive without the ventilator, psychological preparation for that was of vital importance. Communication with the parents seeing exactly at what point each of them were at and bridging that gap. To build a bridge from where they were at that point and helping them cross that bridge metaphorically speaking where they needed to be without them falling. That was a huge challenge for us as a team. According to Egan (1998) Attending, Listening and Understanding are the three basics in communication skills. Attending which is being present for the person or persons. Listening which must be active listening as this will encourage the cli ents to talk and how they feel and what is going on for them at that present time. Egan (1998) also states we have to listen to nonverbal cues as very often as in this case the present was familiar (at least the baby was present) as opposed to the prospect of change. They appeared to have understood the consequences of withdrawing ventilation but their body language clearly stated they did not want it to happen The bond of attachment had already formed especially with Mary. As Bowlby (1989) states ‘attachment is a close emotional bond between infant and the care giver in this case between infant and mother. She said very little initially how she felt, just asked very appropriate questions regarding Kevin. It was difficult nursing him as we both knew the outcome but on the other side she had built up a relationship with us. One of trust one that had been formed on the basis of been open and frank with her and she with us. We left them decide when they wanted to withdraw ventilation. This bridge was built and crossed. The initial conversation about withdrawing treatment went completely over their heads, but as mentioned earlier Repetition is the prime influence in memory. Dewey (2012). Traumatic news sometimes cannot be processed. One can proceed to the responses of grief: denial, anger, bargaining and finally acceptance. According to Krigger et al (2007) grief often manifests itself wi th features similar to depression and it is vital as health care professionals can distinguish between the two, as this may require professional help example counselling or psychotherapy. With this particular case the parents had very good family support. CONCLUSION. In conclusion I agree from my experience of dealing with this particular case and other cases also that psychological care of a patient and in this case the parents is paramount. They must be treated in holistically, physiologically, psychologically and spiritual care is also of great importance. Holistic care is central to nursing and also intuitive. As Wynne (2013) describes palliative care is ‘an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing life threatening illnesses’. One has to care in a way that counts one has to be emphatic and kind also to look after one’s own needs to ensure that psychological care is of routine provision. REFERENCES.

Pepsi Vision and Mission Essay

Headquartered in Purchase, New York, with Research and Development Headquarters in Valhalla, The Pepsi Cola Company began in 1898 by a Pharmacist and Industrialist Caleb Bradham, but it only became known as PepsiCo when it merged with Frito Lay in 1965. Until 1997, it also owned KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell, but these fast-food restaurants were spun off into Tricon Global Restaurants, now Yum! Brands, Inc. PepsiCo purchased Tropicana in 1998, and Quaker Oats in 2001. In December 2005, PepsiCo surpassed Coca-Cola Company in market value for the first time in 112 years since both companies began to compete. PEPSICO INDIA: PepsiCo gained entry to India in 1988 by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991, when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. 5] Others claim that firstly Pepsi was banned from import in India, in 1970, for having refused to release the list of its ingredients and in 1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards. PepsiCo’s responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate – environment, social, economic – creating a better tomorrow than today. † Our MISSION is put into action through programs and a focus on environmental stew ardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company. Our VISION is to be the world’s premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. As PepsiCo has become one of the country’s leading food and beverage companies, now they are focusing even globally. PepsiCo has built an expensive food and beverage business. PepsiCo `nourishes consumers with a range of products from treats to healthy eats that deliver joy as well as nutrition and always, good taste. PepsiCo has become one of the largest multinational investors in the country; PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India. PepsiCoprovides various opportunities to the employees like they provide direct and indirect employment to around 150000 people.

Apush chapter Essay

To weak Could not levy taxes, had economic problems causing social unrest Not strong enough to hold states together Regulations state to state hard to deal No uniform tax, different taxes in each state Rebellions with direct challenge towards congress for more national government or even a dictatorship, unable to deal with national problems 2. American Manufactures- replace state tariffs with uniformly high national duty Merchants and shippers- single national policy not state-to-state policies Land Speculators- wanted treat of Indians removed from their western tracts People who owed money-states to stop issuing money, which lowered the value of what they received in payment Investors-in Confederation securities wanted the government to fund the debt and thus enhance the value of their securities Large property owners- looked for ways to protect against mobs (shays rebellion) 3. Character of the men at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention Founding fathers (all states except Rhode Island) 55, Young men, around 44 only Franklin was advanced age Represented propertied interest of the country Feared follies of democracy but suspicious of concentrated power Washington was elected head, and Madison was most essential. Provided the plan of Virginia that was used in establishing new constitution. The Foundation of the debate was made off of Randolph’s (Virginia) excepted Idea of supreme legislation, Executive and Judicial branches Franklin was also important, remained calm, telling the delegates if they failed they would despair of est. govt. by human wisdom, and leave it to chance of warned conquest. His influenced allow delegates to refuse to give up and they came up with he Great Compromise 4. Madison with the Virginia Plan that called for new national legislation with 2 houses. In the lower house states represented by population. members of upper house elected by lower house. Was changed to upper house to be elected by state government, each state then was given at least one member in upper house. Paterson New Jersey Plan for a federal govt. with one legislation, each state equal representation and gave congress-expanded powers of tax and to regulate commerce (tabled by Congress) smaller states needed in ratification. It gave the upper house to be elected by state egislation giving least one member from each state in the upper house b. The convention was divided by Would states really be represented equally in upper house or would the larger states have more members Great compromise-states represented in the lower house on the basis of population the upper house, states would be represented equally with 2 members apiece Slavery being counted in taxation or population counts for the representation. South Carolina wanted slaves to be considered property govt. evied taxes but people in the head count for representation. Those in the north wanted the opposite of this. Great compromise- each slave counted as three-fifths of a free person in determining taxation and representation Power to regulate trade effect cotton economy, which relied on slavery and sales abroad Great compromise- not allowed to tax exports and forbidden to impose a duty more than 10 dollars a head on imported slaves and no authorit y to stop slave trade for twenty years 6. Efforts to preserve ideals of the revolution by eliminating disorder and content Effort to crest a strong national govt. to exercise authority Under impact of business depression The weakness and ineptitude of national government The treats to American territories from Great Britain and Spain The inability of either congress or state govt. o make good their debts The interstate Jealousies and barriers to trade Widespread use of inflation producing paper money Lawlessness that was Shays rebellion The timely adoption of the Constitution could save the young republic Effect to protect the economic interest of existing elites Conservative business interest who feared that the decentralized political structure of republic imperiled their financial position Economic reasons Wanted government able to promote industry and trade, protect private property and ake good on the public debt Constitution was an economic document drawn from superb kill by men whose property interest were at stake Ar ticles could have produced a permanent government Effort to protect individual freedom and to limit the power of the federal govt. Debate between the federalist and antifederalist New constitution with Bill of rights economical distress were likely to support the constitution; states that were stable and prosperous were likely to oppose it 7. Role of the branches in the Constitution Legislative- House of Representatives based on population rep. nd Senate based qual rep. each elected for different terms, and different ways to check power Judicial- protection from both executive and legislative, Judges and Justices appointed by the president and then confirmed by the senate would serve for life Executive- president power to veto acts of congress The federal government would divide power between state and nation (power in part from the people) to protect from the tranny of the people or the mob, and of excess of democracy (shays rebellion) Only House of rep. elected directly by the peo ple Senate, president and federal Judges would be isolated from public . Who and what is the Federalist? Called federalist because the term once used by opponents of centralization Implying they were less committed to a nationalist government than in fact were Hamilton, Madison, Franklin, Washington, Jay important federalist Wrote federalist papers They were actually wanted stronger central government to check power of masses 9. To get their views seen, Madison, Hamilton, and Jay published federalist papers in the newspaper explaining the virtues and meaning of the constitution Concerned with public masses, waned govt. to function at some distance from public passion nd strong enough to act against threats to order and stability 10. Antifederalist concerns Recognized need for govt. but concerned in state or concentrated power than dangers of popular will Opposed constitution because it placed obstacles between people and the exercise of power Name implied they had nothing to offer but opposition and chaos Believed constitution would betray those principles est. trong, possible tyrannica l govt, that could increase taxes, obliterate states, wield dictoral powers, favor the wellborn over common people and put an end to individual liberty Biggest concern was lack of Bill of rights 1 1 . The process of ratification for the Constitution Ratified by 9 of 13 states would become law Delaware, New Jersey, New Hampshire and Georgia ratified fast (support) Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts more of a struggle Virginia and New York antifederalist feared the states commercial interest would suffer and would not ratify unless had the Bill of Rights (and did finally ratify) North Carolina waited to see what would happen to the amendments Rhode Island did not even participate (no support) 12. Congress continued work of the Constitutional Convention by.. Was in charge of amendment to protect state powers, rest were to provide basic rights Congress to determine the number of Supreme Court Judges to be appointed and the kinds of lower courts to be organized Made Judiciary Act of 1789- provided Supreme Court six members, Chief Justice and five associate Justices; 13 districts with one Judge apiece, and three circuit courts of appeal, with one district Judge Lastly congress gave finial decision in case involving constitutionality of state laws to supreme court Created 3 departments or cabinets- state, treasury, and war 13. Washington selections for cabinets Secretary of treasury- Hamilton Secretary of war- general Knox Attorney general- Randolph Secretary of State- Jefferson 14. 1750 differences in philosophy heats the debate about constitution -Caused by not solving problem but vague compromises Federalist Nation-state with strong govt. ith a centralized authority Complex commercial economy Proud standing in world affairs Hamilton Repub licans Modest government Not highly commercialized or urban, but predominately rural and agrarian Most power for people and state Madison and Jefferson 15. View of society and politics by Hamilton and who should govern Government was he central most power, with centralized authority, a complex commercial economy, and standing in world affairs Needed the support of the wealthy and powerful Stable, effective govt. required enlightened ruling class 16. Hamilton’s plan for paying the debt and restoring credit or federalist program To exchange certificates that congress issued for uniform, interest- bearing bonds, payable at definite dates To assume over state debts, so states would look to central govt. or eventual payment Did not want to pay off the debt but to create a large debt Old bonds being paid off, new ones issued created creditors-the wealthy class more ikely to lend money to the government and have permanent stake Sale of western lands main revenue Create national bank -provide loans and currency to business, give safe place to deposit federal funds, help collect taxes and disburse govt. expenditures, keep price of govt. bonds high through Judicial bonds, govt would have monopoly and appoint 1/5 of the directors Exercise paid by distillers for alcoholic liquors, falling heavily on the backcountry (Penn, VI, NC) where they converted corn/rye crop to whiskey Other Wrote â€Å"report on manufactures for stimulating growth of industry for a healthy oundation in manufacturing This appealed to wealthy, merchants or any powerful group 17. How the federalist programs were enacted and agreed upon National bank, exercise tax on whiskey, tax on imports, federal govt. ill assume the national debt To pay bondholders themselves, not the original lenders who had sold their bonds on their own accord Changed location of nations capital to appease VI, who did not want to pay for states with larger debts; location is on Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland A rgue that national bank was compatible with the intent of the onstitution, even though it did not explicitly authorized it; senate, house, and Washington agreed to the bill with a charter for 20 years Won passage of new tariff that raised rates Opposition and success Farmers opposed tariffs (were the vast majority) Madison, Randolph, and Jefferson against bank (republicans) Was a successes in that it won the support of influential segment of the population It restored public credit, bonds were selling abroad at or above values of other nations Speculators reaped large profit Manufactures profited from the tariff, and merchants benefited from new banking system 8. Rising in opposition No policy in constitution about political parties (Washington warns against politics but some what supports federalist) Federalist now had an interested and overbearing majority (tyrannical) Enacted program that many leaders opposed Est. national network of influence that embodied the worst features of a party Used control of appointment and awarding govt. franchise To reward supporters and gain allies Local associations full of aristocrats standing in local communities Resembled corrupt British Needed vigorous opposition to balance the power (republican party) Republican Party had partisan influence, every state formed committees, societies, and caucuses Republic of smaller govt. Repub. orrespond across state lines and influencing state and local elections Both parties claimed to serve the greater good Neither would concede the right of the other exist The first party system 19. Jefferson and Madison Agrarian republic Sturdy, independent farmer citizens Limited commercial activity, farmers would market in both national and international market for their goods Limited industry, with manufacturing capacities advanced industrial economy because of the number of property less workers Decentralized system Hamilton believed in a central govt. with large roles in commerce and foreign affairs of other countries. He believed in Enlightened class (wealthy), with a centralized authority and highly industrious 20. French Revolution creates differences (mod rule) Federalist horrified by the event in which the monarchy was executed Republicans applauded the democracy and anti-aristocratic spirit (even imitated French radicals) Federalist numerous in commercial centers of northeast and southern coast Republicans numerous in rural areas of South and West 21 . Washington underscored the difference between the Constitution and Articles of Confederation by exerting authority and using militia of 3 other states, to defeat the revolt against the whiskey excise tax. Instead of leaving the issue to Pennsylvania to deal with as they had done under the Articles of Confederation to give Massachusetts the power of dealing with Shays Rebellion. 22. By showing the government’s new power in interfering in others affairs by destroying the whiskey rebellion it provoked the frontier people to be loyal by intimidation. By accepting their territories as new states in the Union it won their loyalties. After Bill of Rights was added, North Carolina (1789), Rhode Island (1790), New states were Vermont after NY and NH gave their claims up to it (1791), Kentucky when VI gave up claims (1792), and Tennessee (1796) after NC gave up rights to it Constitution did little to resolve Indian issues Article 1 excludes â€Å"Indians not taxed† from being counted in the population totals that determine # of seats states would receive in House Gave Congress power â€Å"to regulate Commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes† Article VI bound new govt. o respect treaties negotiated by the confederation, but did not clarify legal standing of natives It recognized existence of ribes as legal entities, but not foreign nations Not citizens nor represented Constitution did not govern relations between whites and Indians over land No clear guide lines to rights of n ation in a nation, that natives had sovereignty U. S. relationship with natives characterized by treaties 23. Difficulties during French war This tested U. S. neutrality in the conflict Problem with French diplomat, Genet Instead of Genet landing in Philadelphia to Washington, he went to Charleston, he planed to use American ports to outfit French warships, encourages American ship wners to become French privateers, and commissioned Clark on military expedition against Spanish going against Washington and neutrality act Made Washington and federalist mad, tried to recall him but Genets party was out of power, so was sent to political asylum in U. S. Royal Navvy starts seizing American ships engaged in Trade with French in West Indies Hamilton feared war would end imports from England, which was most of the revenue for maintaining his financial system Did not want new Secretary of State, Randolph (pro-French) to negotiate and persuaded Washington to send John Jay to ecure compensation for recent British assaults on American shipping, to demand withdrawal of British forces from the frontier posts, and to negotiate a new commercial treaty No war, the Jay treaty-developed undisputed American sovereignty over entire Northwest, and produced commercial relationship with Britain Opposed by republicans and some federalist and created public denunciations, but ratified 25. Relations with Spain Jays treaty caused Spain to fear Americans and British would Join and challenge Spain’s possessions Pinckney treaty-Spain recognizes the right of American of the Mississippi River to New Orleans to reloading on oceangoing ships, agreed to fix Florida’s boundary to 31 parallel, and for Spanish to prevent Indians in Florida from launching attacks 26. Presidents election of 1796 and Adam Hamilton had too many enemies but Adam was directly associated with none of the unpopular Federalist measures 27. Administrating a Federalist President and Republican Vice President Fierce factional rivalries, Hamilton favored Pinckney, Adams running mate Pinckney’s supporters declined to vote for Adams, and he manage to beat Jefferson by 3 votes, ut a still larger number of Adams supporters declined to vote for Pinckney, Jefferson was second in balloting and became Vice President Adams assumed presidency under inauspicious circumstances, he presided over divided party which faced a strong and resourceful Republican opposition committed to its extinction Hamilton remains most influential Federalist, and Adams never challenged him effectively Adams was talented statesmen, not talented at conciliating differences, soliciting support, or inspiring enthusiasm Assumed own virtual correctness would sustain him, even if usually wrong 28. Quasi war American relations with Great Britain and Spain improved with the Jay and Pinckney Treaty, but France alliance deteriorated and started capturing Amer ican ships over seas, sometimes imprisoning the crew Pinckney arrived in France and the governor refused to receive him as an official representative of the U. S. Many of Adams advisers favored war like Secretary of State, Thomas Pickering but Hamilton recommended conciliation and Adams agreed in an effort to stabilize relations Adams appointed a bipartisan- with Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry to negotiate with France, Paris in 1797. agents of French foreign minister Prince Talleyrand emanded a loan for France and a bribe for French officials before any negotiation the French insults and urging preparation for war to Congress When Adams turned in the report of the American commissions over to Congress after deleting the names of the 3 French agents and named them â€Å"Messrs. X, Y, and Z† it created outrage against France and strong support from the Federalist in response to the XYZ affair- creating an undeclared war Congress was persuaded to cut off trade with France, to rep udiate the treaties of 1776, and to authorize American vessels to capture French armed ships over seas 1798, Congress created a Dep. f Navvy and appropriated money for the construction of new warships (thus winning duels against the French) American became a virtual ally of the British Adams sent a new commission to Paris in 1800 and the new French govt. agreed to a treaty, that canceled the old agreement of 1778 and est. ew commerce arrangement The war ends peacefully and the U. S. frees it self from entanglements of the French alliance 29. Alien and Sedation Acts Alien Act- placed new obstacles in the way of foreigners who wished to become American citizens, and strengthened the presidents hand in dealing with them Sedation act-allowed govt. to prosecute those engaged in sedition against the govt. , libelous or treasonous activities were prosecuted, and the law made it possible for the federal govt. to strife any oppression This acts were enacted to silence Republican opposition, the sedation act meant that govt. could arrest and convict Republic newspaper, whose only crime was criticizing the federalist 30. Virginia and Kentucky resolution Republican leaders hoped the reversal of Alien and Sedation Act on the state legislature because of the Acts opposition against Republicans The republicans laid ut a theory for state accusation, one by Jefferson, called the Kentucky resolution, adopted by Kentucky legislator and the other by Madison, called the Virginia resolution approved by Virginia legislature Both resolutions used idea of John Locke to argue that the federal govt. had been formed by a compact among the states and possessed only certain delegate powers, whenever it exercised any undelegate powers like the acts they were unauthorized and the state had right to nullify the appropriate law This revealed resentment toward policies that the Government assed, exercising more power than ever before and using power to benefit one party Even if the Republicans did not get support for nullification, they succeeded in elevating their dispute to national level (nation became divided politicall y resulting many arguments) 31 . Issue of 1800 election Issue of nation very divided politically resulting in one of the most ugliest elections in American history with Mudslinging Jefferson accused of too radical, having wild followers would bring terror comparable to the French Revolution and his romantic involvement with a slave women Adams was portrayed as a tyrant conspiring to ecome king, and that the federalist were plotting to subvert human liberty and society, republicans carried the city by vast majority and Jefferson was elected but the constitution called for each elector to â€Å"vote by ballot for two persons† and they had an elector cast one vote for his party’s presidential candidate and another for the Vice President. To avoid a tie between Jefferson and Burr, the Republicans had intended for one elector to refrain from voting for Burr but both candidates tied any ways with 73. The House of Representatives had to choose; each state delegate would cast a single vote. The new Congress had an republican majority but would not hold office till after the president was inaugurated, so it was up to the Federalist. Hamilton concluded that Burr was too unreliable and Jefferson was elected 32. Adams reaction in losing the presidency He took steps to make the party’s hold on the courts secure By the Judiciary Act of 1801 , Federalist reduced the number of Supreme Court justiceships by one and increased the number of federal Judgeships as a whole Adams appointed Federalist to the newly created position and in â€Å"midnight appointments† stayed up till midnight signing the new Judges commission

Report on Waterford Regional Hospital - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2838 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Business Administration Report on Waterford regional hospital. By Natalie stone As part of our information and administration module we have to do a report on a business that would interest us or that we would like to work in. I choose to do mine on the Waterford regional hospital as I taught it would be an interesting topic and there would be a lot of information available to me through online resources. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Report on Waterford Regional Hospital" essay for you Create order Methods I am going to use during my research for the project will be the class notes, google and the Wikipedia. History of Waterford regional hospital Waterford regional hospital is a public hospital located in Waterford on the Dunmore road Waterford regional Hospital is built on the site of the first Ardkeen hospital. The new hospital was built between 1988 and 1990s. It is run by the Irish Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health service, and provides acute-care hospital services, including a 24 hour emergency department for the people of Waterford and the south east. The hospital helped 122,837 out patients and 23,367 in patients. Waterford regional is a public hospital. The main reason of public sector Organisations is to provide cost effective services in the community. Rather than to make a profit. The General Public is charged for the use of the services these organisations are subsidised heavily by the Government. Also public sector organisations are managed by civil servants and are accountable to the Government. Other than the public sector there are many other types of legal forms of a business for example Sole Traders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Sole owner of a business and has responsibly for the business, would get all the profit and has unlimited liability. Partnerships à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" can have from 2/20 partners involved. All brings different things to the business like money or skills. Work can be more spread out within the company with a partnership. Companies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" shareholders are the owners of the business, they get shares within the business, and these are a common form of business in Ireland. And can be formed as a private or public company. Public Limited Company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" has seven shareholders with no upper limit. Quoted on stock exchange and has limited liability. Private Limited Company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" can have from one shareholder to 99. Not quoted on stock exchange. A one member company must have 2 directors at least and a secretary. Franchises à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a chain business that is opened all over the world e.g. McDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Project Description Jones Engineering Group has worked with Waterford Regional Hospital over 35 years now completing a number of different projects at this 537 bed acute public hospital. Projects included: CSSD suites, Ambulance Station, New Aseptic Suite, Cardiac Labs, Dialysis Unit, Flu Sickness/Intensive Care Unit, High Dependency Unit, Hospital Kitchen Project, Med 4 and Smoking Room Upgrade. Jones Engineering is the name of the company which provided a wide range of mechanical and electrical services to WRH and continue to do so on an ongoing basis. Services There are 429 beds in Waterford regional hospital. In patient services that are in this hospital are: General Medicine Surgery Accident and emergency Dermatology Nephrology and dialysis Oncology Ophthalmology Obstetrics and gynaecology Cardiology Paediatrics Endocrinology Geriatrics Rheumatology Orthopaedics Otorhinolaryngology Haematology Psychiatry Respiratory medicine Anaesthesia Pathology Radiology. This hospital provides a lot of services and treatment for patients which saves people from going to other cities for their treatments, as most people in other cities close to Waterford can use these services too. The hospital also includes a Coffee shop and sandwich bar, a shop, Hairdressers, patient library, cash machine, internet Services and a church all available for patients and visitors from 9-5 each day. Departments HR Department: The human Resource Department gives support and development to the staff and management which is really important in a hospital as they give all the main care and help to the patients and it could be run without the staff and management. They work to keep the culture, style and arrangement of the hospital and also commitment of staff, all come together to continuously improving patient care. The HR department are always updating and reviewing their hospitals to make sure things doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t ever go downhill. Functions : Recruitment and selection of staff in the Organisation. It is important to keep and employ high skilled staff, positive, and motivated staff. They also keep working to improve the quality of their skills. The HR department works to help continued learning and personal development of managers and staff. HR department is there to develop a learning Culture and to encourage a working environment where learning is shared, used and always reviewed. Finance Department: Is responsible for the checking and controlling of hospitals finance and setting the budgets. They need to be correct doing this job otherwise you could come across a few problems with the finance which would not go down well as all accounts need to be accurate. The department has two sections both called the Management accounting and financial accounting. Management accounting prepares the budget and financial accounting does the accounts payable, payroll, accounts and health insurance. Marketing Department: Marketing department is needed for the preparation of hospital Marketing programs, communication, patient observing and advertising. They would also keep their website up to date. The marketing team will get information and analyse it to see the best way they can help their patients. Administrative Department: They manage the hospitals admitting and discharge jobs and records charges to a patients accounts. The CEO leads these admini strative services and is responsible for the day to day admin duties for example filing, updating records and keeping records, handling mail, and general receptionist duties mostly. They commutate with staff and patients they need to collect and store data so it can be easily found when needed in the future Organisational chart The accountant within the hospital: A hospital accountant handles the financial part of the hospital. The hospital accountant will know every area of finance. Responsibilities would be, preparing financial papers, write monthly reports to see if financial information are correct, do accounts, help with preparing the hospitals budget and create leaders and many others. Benefits of hospital accountants would include retirement program, medical and dental insurance and a flexible spending account. Administrative officer within the hospital: Administrative officer is a very important role even though they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t give ha nds on care to patients they help facilitate it. They complete functions in human resources, finance and operations, they work to ensure proper staff to patient ratio to handle patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s loads. Administrative officers also set up the teams and whoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s working where and when, they have to ensure they have the right amount of staff on duty. Administrative officers also make sure that the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s private information is kept protected. Financial counsellor: There is also a hospital financial counsellor working within the hospital they usually work on the front desk. They help patients understand how much their stay and treatment will cost while there in the hospital. And where insurance is going to cover some cost they will make sure they have all the paperwork needed. They may also collect payment and update their new billing record. I think they are good to have in a hospital for people who canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t afford to pay their bills up front they will put something in place to help them pay in different stages. Administration functions of an office: .Receiving and storing information: the main function would be to gather information from all the different departments like reports, emails, customer service, complains and taking messages, basically all the general stuff around an office that you would have to deal with every day. Then thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the preparing off all the records like letters, phones calls, emails. This information has to filed in a proper way so if you needed it in the further you could find it easily. Everything has to be up to date on their filing system. When u receive information such as post you should store it in the right piles such as who for, if its private and then place their mail in there inboxes. Processing and communicating information: You also should have things u will need most days available to you in the office for example- Busin ess directory, timetables for bus, trains in case your staff have to travel. Internal and external telephone directory. Dictionary and calendar. This will also save delays when processing or planning an event. By communicating information would be if there was letters to reply to and emails or even complaints these all need to be done. Storing and protecting information: When filing information it must be held according to the data protection Acts 1988-2003 meaning information is safely stored and canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be accessed by anyone not employed in the business. Equipment used in an office: There is a lot of equipment used day to day in an office from computers, photocopiers, printers, staplers etc. Photocopier: is a very useful piece of information in an office which saves a lot of work. It makes copies of paper documents by opening the lip of the photocopier and place the paper face down on the machine, close the lid and select the copying option and the numbe r you want, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s as simple as that. Most photocopying machines now have lots of different functions such as printing, faxing, scanning and photocopying. Some features off a photocopier would be, to select the number of copies you want, a drawer to store the paper for when your printing and copying, a feeder which automatically feeds pages, you can also copy on both sides using a photocopier, you can copy in a way that you can fold your document into a booklet and now you can even get some photocopier that will staple your pages for you. A good advantage of a photocopier would be that it saves time, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fast and effective for a business. Also on the front panel of the photocopier it has a way of letting you know if there is a problem by a light flashing. It can also tell you when the toner is low and needs to be changed. Another important piece of office equipment I would think of as being important would be a printer: A printer is a machine that accepts text and graphic from a computer and transfers the information to paper. Printers can come in all different shapes, sizes, speed and cost. You can print in colour, and printers usually come with some memory the more memory you have is helpful and faster when printing out pages with large images on them, most big business would have good memory on their printer as they would be using it a lot and would have bulk information. There is different types of printers: Impact printer: this has a print head that makes contact with the paper this makes it noisy when printing. This printer uses paper held on a wheel. Laser printers: is an electronic digital printing process. This would be faster than an impact printer but it does not print in colour. Inkjet printers: has a few nozzles that squirts out ink on the paper so when printed it would need time to dry. Inkjet is the most common printer and are suitable for home use as they are cheap and can print in col our. And also now you can even get 3d printers which would be used in high up business places. Paper shredder: Can be a large or small machine used to cut pieces of paper into tiny bits and pieces, would be needed in private and confidential business or to get rid of Ur personal letters. These are handy for private information because once ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shredded it can never be seen again. It is recommend that people shred bills, bank account statements, tax documents or other information that could be used to do fraud by others. You can get a cheap shedder for your home but usually business would have the expensive ones would work a lot quicker some business ones can even by connected to a truck which would then get rid of the paper. Workplace legislation: Protection of Employees (Fixed Term Work) Act 2003: Employees on fixed term contracts have similar rights to those on open ended contracts. Most people on open ended contracts continue to wo rk until the employer ends it. Where other employees work under fixed term contracts which would end on an agreed date . Employees with fixed term contracts have the same rights as other employees, for example, annual leave, maternity leave, and wage slips. The terms of Employment Act 1994 requires that employees with a fixed term contract get written notice of the expiry date. The act provides that fixed term employees may not be treated any different than permanent employees unless the employer can justify the different treatment, and canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be connected with the fact that the employee is on fixed term contract. Only those fixed term employees whose normal hours of work are less than 20% of the normal hours of permanent employees can be excluded from entitlement to join a pension scheme. Also an employer needs to give a fixed term employee a written statement as soon as possible, saying what will bring an end to the contract, will in end on a certain date, or the end of a task etc. Also if an employer intends to renew a fixed term contract a written statement must be given to the fixed term employee not later than the date of renewal. Fixed term contract workers are meant to be told of any vacancies for permanent positions. Equality Act 2004: The equality authority is set up to make sure that all people is treated the same in the country and to make sure discrimination does not happen. The equality authority gives information to the public on the legislation and for the people who want to bring a claim to court they will give you legal assistance. The act outlaws discrimination for public and private sector workers. There are 9 main grounds covered by this act to make sure discrimination do not happen, the grounds include: Gender Age Religion Race Disability Member of the travelling community Family stats Civil status Sexual orientation. Discrimination is taught of as getting treated different than others. To complain to the employment equality acts, they must be within 6 months of it happening. To make it easier you can now even make a complaint online using an application form. Safety, health and welfare at work Act 2005: This act is in place to protect employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s safety, health and welfare at work. It is to protect all employers and employees. It sets out the rights employers and employees and provides information on what happens if you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t stick within the rules for example fines will be given out. Employers Duties would be: Have a safe workplace Give training to employees on health and safety Give employees right clothing and equipment Prevent risks from noise or physical agents in the workplace. Employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s duties would be: Protect themselves and others in the workplace. Donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t do anything to risk them. Donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t go to work under the influence of drink or drugs. Report any problems with equipment. Under the safety, health and welfare at work act 2005 a risk assessment off the workplace is to be carried out by an employer to see if there is any hazards or risks and if there is they need to fix them. All accidents that happen in the workplace should be reported to the employer. Conclusion On completing my report on Waterford regional hospital I found out loads of interesting facts about the hospital and what services it has to offer patients in the Waterford are and surrounding south east are. I realised you wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really no how much work is involved unless you start to research it and find out that a hospital can have 100s of departments. I am glad I choose the hospital as my choice as it was an interesting one to do . During my report I talked and learned about the History of Waterford Regional hospital, Its legal form Services it provides Different departments within the hospital Functions and activities within the departments I gave an organisation chart Talked about different personal within the hospital Administration functions of an office Went through some types of office equipment And explained some workplace legislation. Hope you enjoyed my report. Bibliography To help me with my report I used the following: Class notes Teachers hands out Reference from Wikipedia. https://joneseng.com/265/ https://uk.ask.com/wiki/Waterford_Regional_Hospital https://www.stmichaels.ie/departments/human-resources-department/ https://www.stjames.ie/Departments/DepartmentsA-Z/F/Finance/DepartmentOverview/ https://www.stpetes.org/about-us/news/public-relations https://www.ehow.com/facts_5771930_job-description-hospital-accountant.html https://www.slideshare.net/Faseela/hospital-administration https://everydaylife.globalpost.com/role-er-administrative-officer-42434.html https://work.chron.com/hospital-financial-counselor-job-descriptions-21288.html https://home.howstuffworks.com/photocopier4.htm https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/lr9k3aUThA8Kvn18rAvXKO/3D-printer-wows-worlds-top-hightech-fair.html https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/ Google images